{"id":6127,"date":"2021-05-04T14:00:02","date_gmt":"2021-05-04T12:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.martinennalsaward.org\/fr\/?p=6127"},"modified":"2021-09-01T15:45:12","modified_gmt":"2021-09-01T13:45:12","slug":"vers-une-meilleure-gouvernance-des-reseaux-sociaux-pour-les-droits-humains","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.martinennalsaward.org\/fr\/vers-une-meilleure-gouvernance-des-reseaux-sociaux-pour-les-droits-humains\/","title":{"rendered":"Vers une meilleure gouvernance des r\u00e9seaux sociaux pour les droits humains"},"content":{"rendered":"

La Fondation Martin Ennals\u00a0demande publiquement \u00e0 Facebook et UMG de mener une enqu\u00eate sur l\u2019incident survenu lors de sa\u00a0c\u00e9r\u00e9monie du Prix Martin Ennals 2021, \u00e9v\u00e9nement international majeur pour les d\u00e9fenseurs et d\u00e9fenseuses des droits humains, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompue.<\/h3>\n

A l\u2019\u00e8re du tout num\u00e9rique, l<\/span>a libert\u00e9 d’expression en ligne <\/span>doit \u00eatre<\/span> au c\u0153ur des pr\u00e9occupations, d\u2019autant<\/span> que <\/span>sa protection est laiss\u00e9e au bon vouloir d\u2019entreprises priv\u00e9es qui sont \u00e9galement libre de faire respecter les droits humains ou pas. <\/span>30 ans apr\u00e8s la cr\u00e9ation du <\/span>World Wide Web<\/span><\/i>, il n’existe toujours pas de r\u00e8gles universelles<\/span>,<\/span> ni d’autorit\u00e9 de surveillance <\/span>globale pour<\/span> veiller au bon fonctionnement et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d<\/span>\u2019<\/span>internet. <\/span>P<\/span>l\u00e9thore <\/span>de lignes directrices <\/span>et d\u2019acteurs <\/span>sont certes \u00e0 l\u2019<\/span>\u0153uvre<\/span> pour <\/span>faire fonctionner <\/span>l\u2019<\/span>internet<\/span>, <\/span>mais<\/span> ce<\/span> n\u2019est pas suffisant <\/span>pour <\/span>contrer les<\/span> coupures<\/span><\/a> du web,<\/span> les<\/span> \u00ab\u202ffake news\u202f\u00bb<\/span> et <\/span>les<\/span> th\u00e9ories <\/span>complotistes<\/span><\/a> qui <\/span>se r\u00e9pandent comme <\/span>des<\/span> tra\u00een\u00e9e<\/span>s<\/span> de poudre.<\/span> Et personne n\u2019est malheureusement \u00e0 l\u2019abri\u202f: ici, <\/span>c\u2019est <\/span>v<\/span>otre compte Netflix<\/span><\/a> qui <\/span>peut \u00eatre facilement<\/span> pirat\u00e9<\/span>. Ailleurs, <\/span>c\u2019est <\/span>la r\u00e9putation de d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains <\/span>qui <\/span>peut \u00eatre d\u00e9truite en quelques clics, comme en t\u00e9moigne <\/span>un moine bouddhiste cambodgien<\/span><\/a> et ancien laur\u00e9at du Prix Martin Ennals<\/span>, victime d\u2019une virulente campagne de diffamation qui a conduit \u00e0 son exil<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L<\/span>e 11 f\u00e9vrier dernier,<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> la <\/span>c\u00e9r\u00e9monie <\/span>du Prix Martin Ennals 2021<\/span><\/a>, \u00e9v\u00e8nement international majeur pour les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains, <\/span>qui <\/span>a \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> interrompu<\/span>e<\/span>. <\/span>COVID oblige, nous av<\/span>i<\/span>ons d\u00fb cette ann\u00e9e renoncer \u00e0 une c\u00e9r\u00e9monie en pr\u00e9sentiel et opter pour une c\u00e9r\u00e9monie en ligne, dont la retransmission \u00e9tait pr\u00e9vue <\/span>sur<\/span> les <\/span>pages Facebook<\/span> de la Fondation Martin Ennals et de la Ville de Gen\u00e8ve<\/span>. <\/span>S<\/span>oudainement, <\/span>21 minutes apr\u00e8s <\/span>le<\/span> lancement, <\/span>nous avons re\u00e7u de nombreux <\/span>messages<\/span> d’Universal Music Group (UMG) <\/span>indiquant<\/span> que <\/span>les<\/span> extraits musicaux <\/span>choisis<\/span> ne respectaient pas les droits d\u2019auteurs. <\/span>S<\/span>ans que nous ne puissions <\/span>r\u00e9<\/span>agir<\/span>, <\/span>la <\/span>c\u00e9r\u00e9monie<\/span> a \u00e9t\u00e9 <\/span>purement et simplement <\/span>supprim\u00e9e<\/span> de Facebook<\/span>, emp\u00eachant les internautes de plus de 200 pays de la visionner<\/span> et de rendre hommages aux trois finalistes<\/span> 2021<\/span>\u202f: <\/span>Yu<\/span> Wensheng<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Soltan<\/span> Achilova<\/span><\/a> et <\/span>Loujain<\/span> AlHathloul<\/span><\/a>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/span>ette affaire est<\/span> particuli\u00e8rement<\/span> troublante<\/span>, d’autant plus que nous avions <\/span>acquis <\/span>les droits d’auteur<\/span> pour cha<\/span>que<\/span> extrait musica<\/span>l<\/span> diffus\u00e9<\/span>. Pourquoi Facebook et UMG ont-ils<\/span> choisi<\/span> une mesure aussi radicale <\/span>que l\u2019interruption de l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement alors qu<\/span>\u2019il<\/span>s<\/span> auraient pu mettre par exemple simplement <\/span>en sourdi<\/span>ne<\/span> l\u2019<\/span>extrait <\/span>musical incrimin<\/span>\u00e9\u202f<\/span>le temps que le litige soit r\u00e9solu<\/span> ?<\/span> Plus globalement<\/span>,<\/span> pourquoi <\/span>mettre en \u0153uvre des<\/span> mesure<\/span>s<\/span> allant <\/span>\u00e0 l\u2019encontre de<\/span> la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains<\/span>\u202f?\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nous avons men\u00e9 l\u2019enqu\u00eate <\/span>pou<\/span>r<\/span> tenter de <\/span>mieux comprendre ce qui a <\/span>caus\u00e9<\/span> l\u2019interruption brutale et arbitraire de <\/span>la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie du Prix Martin <\/span>E<\/span>nnals<\/span>. <\/span>Nous avons <\/span>frapp<\/span>\u00e9<\/span> \u00e0 toute<\/span>s<\/span> les portes possibles chez <\/span>Facebook<\/span>\u202fet U<\/span>MG pour leur demander<\/span> des explications et de<\/span> s’engag<\/span>er<\/span> \u00e0 <\/span>davantage <\/span>prot\u00e9ger les d\u00e9fenseurs en ligne<\/span>\u202f; n<\/span>ous avons <\/span>aussi <\/span>parcouru<\/span> les derni\u00e8res recherches portant sur l’<\/span>utilisation du droit d’auteur pour faire taire les activistes<\/span><\/a>. \u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M<\/span>algr\u00e9 ces d\u00e9marches,<\/span> le flou<\/span> demeure<\/span> pou<\/span>r<\/span> l<\/span>es organisateurs et partenaires <\/span>du Prix <\/span>que sont<\/span> la Ville de Gen\u00e8ve, la Fondation Martin Ennals et <\/span>dix des plus importantes organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits humains dans le monde<\/span>.<\/span> On nous a dit qu’un algorithme automatique avait d\u00e9tect\u00e9 la musique <\/span>incrimin\u00e9e <\/span>et <\/span>interrompu<\/span> la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie<\/span>, en <\/span>d\u00e9pit<\/span> des droits d\u2019auteur pourtant acquis<\/span>. Une entreprise n’a<\/span>urait<\/span> pas dit \u00e0 l’autre entreprise ce que la premi\u00e8re faisait<\/span>, la <\/span>licen<\/span>c<\/span>e<\/span> acquise \u00e9tait la bonne, mais pas la bonne<\/span>\u2026.<\/span> D\u00e9sol\u00e9<\/span>s, ont<\/span> dit certain<\/span>s<\/span> tandis que d\u2019<\/span>autres <\/span>faisaient<\/span> silence radio. <\/span>Nous cherchions <\/span>un responsable <\/span>mais<\/span> ne <\/span>l\u2019avons pas<\/span> trouv\u00e9.<\/span> Y a-t-il <\/span>d\u2019ailleurs un responsable derri\u00e8re les <\/span>m\u00e9andres des <\/span>politiques de<\/span>s<\/span> r\u00e9seaux<\/span> sociaux<\/span>\u202f? <\/span>Ces derni<\/span>ers<\/span> sont<\/span> g\u00e9r\u00e9s<\/span> avant tout<\/span> par et <\/span>pour <\/span>d<\/span>es entreprises qui peuvent<\/span> ainsi <\/span>sacrifier <\/span>la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression ou les droits humains<\/span> sur l\u2019autel des <\/span>copyright <\/span><\/i>ro<\/span><\/i>bots<\/span><\/i><\/a>. <\/span>C<\/span>\u2019est une logique commerciale <\/span>et du deux poids deux mesures <\/span>qui anime <\/span>le monde virtuel<\/span>\u202f: <\/span>alors que les<\/span> ONG peinent<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> promouvoir leurs <\/span>contenus<\/span> sur les <\/span>r\u00e9seaux<\/span> sociaux <\/span>en raison<\/span> de l<\/span>a nature engag\u00e9e <\/span>d<\/span>e leur propos<\/span>,<\/span> des marques <\/span>y <\/span>publient <\/span>pourtant <\/span>sans peine des <\/span>publicit\u00e9s sexistes<\/span><\/a> et des pr\u00e9dateurs sexuels y contactent <\/span>facilement<\/span> des utilisateurs encore min<\/span>eu<\/span>rs. <\/span>Les <\/span>bots<\/span><\/i> sont-ils particuli\u00e8rement z\u00e9l\u00e9s<\/span> face aux droits humains\u202f?\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Co\u00efncidence fortuite<\/span>\u202f: <\/span>Facebook a <\/span>r\u00e9cemment<\/span> publi\u00e9<\/span> une politique en mati\u00e8re de droits <\/span>humains<\/span><\/a> qui <\/span>acte<\/span> son engagement <\/span>en la mati\u00e8<\/span>re<\/span>, notamment <\/span>les normes \u00e9nonc\u00e9es dans les <\/span>P<\/span>rincipes directeurs des Nations unies relatifs aux entreprises et aux droits de l’homme. Facebook <\/span>\u00e9nonce<\/span> des mesures de r\u00e9paration<\/span>, <\/span>c’est-\u00e0-dire des actions <\/span>visant \u00e0<\/span> r\u00e9parer les pr\u00e9judices et les impacts n\u00e9gatifs<\/span> subis<\/span>, <\/span>ainsi qu’un engagement \u00e0 soutenir <\/span>concr\u00e8tement <\/span>les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits <\/span>humains<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nous <\/span>voulons<\/span> croire <\/span>dans l\u2019engagement <\/span>et la bonne volont\u00e9 <\/span>des<\/span> g\u00e9ants des <\/span>r\u00e9seaux<\/span> sociaux <\/span>et de la musique<\/span>. C’est pourquoi nous demandons <\/span>aujourd\u2019hui publiquement <\/span>\u00e0 Facebook et<\/span> UMG de mener une enqu\u00eate approfondie sur l’<\/span>incident survenu lors <\/span>de notre c\u00e9r\u00e9monie, d<\/span>\u2019en<\/span> partager <\/span>les r\u00e9sultats <\/span>et d’expliquer comment <\/span>seront<\/span> rectifi\u00e9s <\/span>les <\/span>copyrights robots<\/span><\/i> qui ont conduit \u00e0 une r\u00e9ponse aussi disproportionn\u00e9e. Nous demandons <\/span>en particulier<\/span> \u00e0 UMG d’examiner comment <\/span>une application <\/span>trop <\/span>\u00e9triqu\u00e9e<\/span> du<\/span> droit d’auteur en ligne <\/span>est susceptible <\/span>de<\/span> porter atteinte \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d’expression, en particulier <\/span>\u00e0 celle des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains<\/span>. Enfin, nous invitons Facebook \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre sa politique de r\u00e9paration <\/span>par un don<\/span> de <\/span>son nouveau fonds pour les d\u00e9fenseurs aux <\/span>d\u00e9fenseurs des droits <\/span>humains du Prix <\/span>Martin Ennals<\/span><\/a> affect\u00e9s par <\/span>l\u2019interruption<\/span> de la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains sont souvent <\/span>les premiers utilisateurs <\/span>du num\u00e9rique, mais ils en sont <\/span>aussi<\/span> parfois<\/span> les premi\u00e8res victimes. <\/span>Il <\/span>est donc indispensable de penser<\/span> le num\u00e9rique \u00e0 travers le prisme des droits humains aussi, pour que ces technologies <\/span>profitent \u00e0 l’humanit\u00e9 <\/span>dans son ensemble. <\/span>Dans <\/span>cet <\/span>objectif, la Fondation Martin Ennals <\/span>encourage<\/span>ra de son c\u00f4t\u00e9<\/span> les candidatures d\u2019activistes travaillant \u00e0 la jonction des droits humains et du num\u00e9rique pour <\/span>le Prix 2022. <\/span>Les <\/span>nominations sont <\/span>d\u2019ailleurs <\/span>ouvertes<\/span><\/a>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La Fondation Martin <\/span>Ennals<\/span> et La Ville de Gen\u00e8ve, co-organisatrices du Prix Martin <\/span>Ennals<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Fondation Martin Ennals\u00a0demande publiquement \u00e0 Facebook et UMG de mener une enqu\u00eate sur l\u2019incident survenu lors de sa\u00a0c\u00e9r\u00e9monie du Prix Martin Ennals 2021, \u00e9v\u00e9nement international majeur pour les d\u00e9fenseurs et d\u00e9fenseuses des droits humains, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompue. A l\u2019\u00e8re du tout num\u00e9rique, la libert\u00e9 d’expression en ligne doit \u00eatre au c\u0153ur des pr\u00e9occupations,Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":6132,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[237,2],"tags":[312,313,261,262,314],"news_section":[343],"class_list":["post-6127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","category-non-classifiee","tag-digital-rights","tag-facebook","tag-martin-ennals-award-2021","tag-prix-martin-ennals-2021","tag-umg","news_section-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVers une meilleure gouvernance des r\u00e9seaux sociaux pour les droits humains - Martin Ennals Award<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le 11 f\u00e9vrier 2021, la\u00a0c\u00e9r\u00e9monie du Prix Martin Ennals, \u00e9v\u00e9nement majeur pour les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains, a \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompue en ligne.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.martinennalsaward.org\/fr\/vers-une-meilleure-gouvernance-des-reseaux-sociaux-pour-les-droits-humains\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vers une meilleure gouvernance des r\u00e9seaux sociaux pour les droits humains - 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